Influenza

Biography

Biography: Tony Velkov

Abstract

Influenza is a constant global burden to human health. Seasonal influenza results in significant infections and death, cycling through both hemispheres. On occasion, a novel avian influenza virus crosses the species barrier from birds to humans resulting in an influenza pandemic. The threat of pandemic avian influenza continues with H5N1 and H7N9 consistently infecting humans. In order to evolve from its avian form and gain the pandemic potential for increased transmissibility between humans, the Hem-Agglutinin (HA) of avian influenza viruses will need to undergo mutations in its Receptor Binding Site (RBS) that bring about an avian to human receptor preference switch. In order to understand the major determinants of virus transmissibility and the pandemic potential of the novel avian influenza viruses, we have determined the crystallographic structure of the novel avian influenza H10N7 A/Turkey/MN/3/79 to 1.96Å and mapped the RBS. The amino acid residues responsible for conferring receptor selectivity were identified by site-direct mutagenesis of recombinant H10 HA proteins. The receptor-binding selectivity of the HAs was determined using sialyl glycan binding assays. Docking models were constructed of the H10 HA in complex with α2, 6-sialic acid (human) and α2, 3-sialic acid (avian) penta-saccharide receptor analogs to ascertain the correlation between the binding assay data and the interactions within the receptor binding pocket. The present findings provided a structure-recognition perspective for the receptor binding properties of the novel avian H10 influenza HA.